Diabetes mellitus (DM) is derived from the Greek word diabaínein, meaning "through" or "fountain", and mellitus from the Latin word meaning "sweet." In Indonesian (and Malay-speaking countries) better known as diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) constant and varied, especially after eating. Other sources mention that diabetes mellitus is a chronic hyperglycemic state is accompanied by a variety of metabolic disorders due to hormonal disturbances, which cause a variety of chronic complications of the eyes, kidneys, and blood vessels, accompanied by lesions in the basal membrane in the examination with an electron microscope.
All types of diabetes mellitus have similar symptoms and complications at advanced levels. Hyperglycemia itself can lead to dehydration and ketoacidosis. Long-term complications include cardiovascular disease (double risk), chronic renal failure (the main cause of dialysis), retinal damage which can lead to blindness, and nerve damage that can lead to impotence and gangrene with risk of amputation. More serious complications are more common when poor control of blood sugar levels.
Causes
To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process of metabolism of food. Several things happen when food is digested:
Called sugar or glucose into the bloodstream. Glokosa is a major fuel source for the body.
The organs of the body called the pancreas to produce insulin. The role of insulin is to transport glucose from the blood to the muscles, fat, and liver cells, diamana kana used as fuel.
People with diabetes have high blood sugar levels. This is because the pancreas can not produce insulin or muscle, fat and liver cells do not respond normally to insulin. Or both.
An analogy that illustrates this quite fitting given by Mistra in his 3 Kick Against Diabetes Mellitus. Mistra analogize the hormone insulin as a city driver angkutam general. If the mass transport drivers strike cities, people would gather on the road waiting for transport services. These people (the passengers) is described as the sugar in the blood. If hormoninsulin no or few in number, so the sugar can not be transported in drah that spread throughout the blood vessels.
In general, the intake of sugar in the blood is stored in the liver. Here processed into glycogen. If the body needs, the liver will be issued and processed back into glucose. For people normail, no matter how much sugar consumption does not interfere with the body's organs.
however, not so for diabetics. If you urinate, the water is rather thick and sweet. This is because the amount of sugar in the blood. Sugar is cleaned and collected in the bladder by the kidneys.
WHO has defines three types of diabetes:
Diabets Type 1, usually tediagnosa since a young age kanak.is Usually diagnosed in childhood. Patient's body produces little insulin or does not produce insulin at all, and therefore to survive the patient must receive insulin injections every day. Without daily settings, emergencies can happen.
Type 2 diabetes , more common than type 1 and up to 90% or more of all cases of diabetes. It usually occurs in adulthood. In type-2, the pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels remain normal, because the body does not merespin seringkasili properly to insulin tersebut.Kebanyakan people do not realize have suffered dibetes type-2, although the situation has become very serious. Diabetess type 2 after become common in the world and in Indonesia, and the numbers continue to increase due to an unhealthy lifestyle, overweight and lazy to exercise.
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar condition that occurs during pregnancy, occurs in people who do not have diabetes. Generally will return to normal after pregnancy.
Diabetes mellitus ranks 4th in the ranking murderer. International Diabetes Federation Congress in 2003 said that about 194 million people worldwide suffer from this disease. In Indonesia recorded 2.5 million people and is expected to continue to grow.
Many risk factors for diabetes, including:
- Father or mother, brother or women with diabetes (heredity)
- Obesity
- Age over 45 years
- Gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 4 Kg
- High blood pressure
- Figures Triglycerid (a type of fat molekuk) high
- High cholesterol levels
- Modern lifestyles are likely to consume a lot of instant foods.
- Smoker
- Stress
American diabetes Association (ADA) recommends checking the minmal diabetes every three years for the man, woman. For those at high risk are encouraged to be more often.
Symptom
Type-1 Diabetes:
- Thirst is often
- Frequent urination
- Weight continues to fall, but kept a high appetite
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Gag
Type 2 diabetes:
- Quickly feel hungry and thirsty
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Easily tired, often feel sleepy.
- Blurred vision
- Often tingling, especially in the feet and hands
- Losing weight quickly without any effort
- Itching of the external genitals
- Decreased sexual desire and impotence tend
If you are infected, long recovery.
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